Sarkozy's Tradeoff: France Considering NATO ReintegrationPosted by Kyle Atwell in European Issues, Transatlantic Relations, US Foreign Policy on Monday, April 28. 2008
France has signaled over the past few months that it may pursue reintegration into the NATO command structure, which President Charles de Gaulle fitfully left in 1966. A sympathetic member of the French National Assembly published an article in Newsweek arguing this move is, “no less than a revolution for NATO and transatlantic relations.” The article explains Sarkozy's proposed tradeoff:
By showing that France is America's trusted friend again, Sarkozy hopes to gain influence on American policy, and, in particular, on lifting the longtime U.S. veto on European defense.This is an interesting proposal: France will rejoin NATO if it can pursue its own parallel EU military structures. Many in the US defense establishment have long been concerned that a more autonomous European Security and Defense Policy is intended to act as a counterweight to the United States, or that it will duplicate/detract from NATO programs and assets. As Soeren Kern of the Madrid-based Grupo de Estudios Estratégicos states in World Politics Review: … most of Sarkozy's proposals seem to be geared toward creating a rival European defense structure that over time will duplicate but not double NATO resources… Indeed, some of the more U.S.-leaning European states suspect that France's renewed interest in rejoining NATO is in fact a Trojan horse designed, ultimately, to destroy the Atlantic Alliance from within.At the same time, the United States has been pushing Europe to build stronger military capabilities since the Alliance was born, based on a plea for "burden sharing." One common sentiment, although often expressed with reserve, is that “it doesn’t matter where the forces come from, so long as they come.” By rejoining NATO, Sarkozy may be able to strike a balance of confidences between what on the face appears to be double-think: convincing America of France’s commitment to Atlanticism, while concurrently pursuing greater European military autonomy. However, Soeren Kern points out that even if Sarkozy’s intentions are Atlanticist in nature, they will probably not outlast his term of presidency: For most of the French ruling elite (the anti-American Left and the nationalist Right), the United States is considered to be the main problem in international affairs because of its reluctance to share its power. The only solution, in their view, is a French-led EU superstate that can counterbalance America on the global stage. And a unified EU foreign and defense policy that is completely independent of NATO (i.e., the United States) is essential to achieve equal status. Until then, anti-Americanism will continue to be the preferred means to accelerate the process of loosening the transatlantic link.Related posts on Atlantic Review: • Europeans View China as the Biggest Threat to Global Security • Europe is a Threat to the United States
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Defined tags for this entry: Alliance, Anti-Americanism, Defense, European Union, France, Military, NATO
Contention About the New "EU President"Posted by Nanne Zwagerman in European Issues on Thursday, March 6. 2008
If the Lisbon Treaty will enter into force, there is going to be a new position in the European Union - that of European Council President.
Currently there already are two presidents in the EU: the President of the European Parliament, and the President of the European Commission. The European Council - a body constituted by national government leaders which meets 4 times a year - currently still has a rotating presidency, which is held by a different EU country every 6 months. This will be replaced with a single president chosen by national government leaders, for a period of two and a half years - renewable once. It is completely unclear how this new post will develop. As the European Council is a powerful institution which often drives the EU agenda and makes critical decisions, the as of yet nonexistent position has already given rise to contention. Continue reading "Contention About the New "EU President"" EU Closer to Adopting Biometric Security Measures, and Drones Too!Posted by Kyle Atwell in European Issues on Wednesday, February 13. 2008
From Deutsche Welle:
The European Commission agreed to a plan to collect fingerprints and photographs from foreigners entering the EU, part of an effort to fortify the bloc's borders. The plan, which was presented on Wednesday, Feb. 13, could see EU funds used to develop surveillance equipment like cameras, sensors and pilot-less drones. Civil libertarians argue that the controversial measures infringe on people's privacy and won't fight crime. But proponents of the plan called the proposals "further building blocks in the often stated aim of the European Union to build a space of free and secure travel through collective responsibility and solidarity."Yesterday’s Washington Post also had an interesting article on the topic:
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Defined tags for this entry: Civil Liberties, Civil Rights, European Union, Intelligence, Technology
Ronald Asmus' Strategy for the West: Expand EastPosted by Kyle Atwell in European Issues, Transatlantic Relations on Friday, February 8. 2008
Ronald Asmus has a new “grand strategy” for the west: it should continue to expand eastward (see Foreign Affairs, subscription only):
The challenge of securing Europe’s eastern border from the Baltics to the Black Sea has been replaced by the need to extend peace and stability along the southern rim of the Euro-Atlantic community—from the Balkans across the Black Sea and further into Eurasia, a region that connects Europe, Russia, and the Middle East and involves core security interests, including a critical energy corridor. Working to consolidate democratic change and build stability in this area is as important for Western security today as consolidating democracy in central and eastern Europe was in the 1990s.The west’s most important accomplishment following the Cold War has been its integration of central and eastern European countries that were previously part of the Soviet Union—countries that have undergone significant reforms to be accepted into NATO and the EU. It is interesting that despite the ubiquitous negative publicity NATO is receiving these days, due largely to a perceived lack of teamwork in Afghanistan, there are several countries that continue to fervently seek membership—take the 71 percent of Georgian’s who endorsed NATO membership in a January referendum for example (see Today’s Zaman). Continue reading "Ronald Asmus' Strategy for the West: Expand East"
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Defined tags for this entry: Alliance, Democracy, European Union, NATO, Rule of Law, Russia, Stategy
Parag Khanna: "Europe's Influence Grows at America's Expense"Posted by Kyle Atwell in Transatlantic Relations, US Foreign Policy on Monday, January 28. 2008
The short-lived age of US hegemony is over, with no hope of return. Instead of comfortable primacy, the United States will struggle as one of three global superpowers.
This is the 21st century described by Parag Khanna in an essay published in New York Times Magazine, titled “Waving Goodbye to Hegemony” (HT: David Vickrey). Khanna, a Senior Research Fellow at the New America Foundation, bases the essay on his new book, “The Second World: Empires and Influence in the New Global Order,” to be published by Random House in March (the book is already the second bestseller at Amazon). Here is Khanna’s line of argument: Continue reading "Parag Khanna: "Europe's Influence Grows at America's Expense""
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Defined tags for this entry: Afghanistan, Alliance, China, Clinton, European Union, Iraq, McCain, Obama, Russia, Stategy
Military Leaders Outline Plan for New Transatlantic BargainPosted by Kyle Atwell in Transatlantic Relations, US Foreign Policy on Friday, January 25. 2008
A group of European and American military leaders co-authored a report that was released last week, titled Toward a Grand Strategy for an Uncertain World, Renewing Transatlantic Partnership (PDF version available from CSIS). The top brass – all with NATO experience – argue that the Alliance remains critical to both Europe and the US:
We are convinced that there is no security for Europe without the US, but we also dare to submit that there is no hope for the US to sustain its role as the world’s sole superpower without the Europeans as allies.The manifesto begins by arguing that many current and future threats – such as terrorism, international crime, demographic shifts, energy security, climate change, etc. – cannot effectively be addressed by any single country on its own. Instead, NATO provides the best opportunity for western countries to address new threats because it "links together a group of countries that share the most important values and convictions and that took a decision to defend those values and convictions collectively." Continue reading "Military Leaders Outline Plan for New Transatlantic Bargain"
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Defined tags for this entry: Afghanistan, Alliance, Defense, Democracy, European Union, Free Trade, Human Rights, Merkel, Military, NATO, Nukes, Rule of Law, Solidarity, Strategy
The State of the Citizen's European UnionPosted by Editors in on Monday, January 14. 2008
A few weeks from now George W. Bush will give his yearly State of the Union speech to Congress. With a bit less ceremony, the European Union's executive has already released a review of its own. Following its efforts to shore up relations with the public, the European Commission has launched a slick website boasting 10 achievements the European Union has made for you in 2007. The Commissioner for Communication, Margot Wallström, writes: Continue reading "The State of the Citizen's European Union" Does Turkey See the United States or Europe as a More Reliable Partner?Posted by Kyle Atwell in Transatlantic Relations on Sunday, January 6. 2008 Bulent Kenes opines in Today’s Zaman that US support for Turkey’s military operations against the Kurdish Worker’s Party (PKK) is a breakthrough for Turkish sovereignty: Today’s Zaman also reports that Turkey will not join the International Criminal Court in the foreseeable future, despite pressure from the EU to do so:
I wonder how this will affect Turkey’s accession to the EU? The EU did not set Turkish ICC membership as a mandatory precursor for EU membership, but Turkey’s decision to stay out of the court will undoubtedly provide fuel for the anti-Turkey fire burning across Europe. Does Turkey see the US as a more reliable partner than Europe? First, in an ideal world this question would not need to be asked since Turkey is a member of NATO, and all NATO members are presumed to be reliable allies. When you are done laughing at how far from the truth this is (see my previous post War for Dummies for more), here are some initial thoughts to the question: While US and Turkish cooperation against the PKK is probably more circumstantial rather than signifying some greater paradigm shift as Kenes suggests, it is nonetheless a positive step for US-Turkey relations after they hit a low leading up to the Iraq war. Concomitantly, Euro-Turkey relations continue to decline as Turkey becomes increasingly frustrated with its spurious EU accession process. I especially think Turkey has little chance of accession to the EU with the influential anti-Turk Sarkozy as Frances’ president. So if current trends continue, Turkey will increasingly view the US as a more reliable partner than Europe. Sarkozy Makes Premature, Unnecessary, Familiar Statement on KosovoPosted by Kyle Atwell in Transatlantic Relations on Tuesday, December 18. 2007 Nicholas Sarkozy stated last weekend that the issue of Kosovo's independence, "is not an affair of Mr. Bush or Mr. Putin, but one of Europe." (Le Figaro, in French). Another article by John Ward Anderson in the Washington Post reports:
Does Sarkozy mean to say that despite a recent history thick with US political and military engagement in the Balkans, Kosovo is now strictly a European issue? Has Sarkozy forgotten so quickly that the United States bailed out Europe in the Balkans even after the 1991 declaration by Luxembourg's foreign minister Jacques Poos that "This is the hour of Europe?" Joerg recently cited the Jacques Poos quote in an Atlantic Review post he titled "Kosovo: Is the EU Home Alone in the Balkans?" Perhaps another question is, "Kosovo: Whose House is it?" What is the benefit for Sarkozy or the EU of preemptively decrying American support, especially when the US and EU strategy for Kosovo seem to be in sync? Why not declare this the "hour of the allies" or the "the hour of cooperation", or perhaps be more candid: "this is the hour we will hopefully not f*** up again in the Balkans, but if we do we are glad to have our American friends to back us up?" Sarkozy's statement is particularly frustrating to America's proponents of transatlantic cooperation, because it is exactly the type of churlish bombast that leads American Europhobes to argue that the pubescent EU Common Foreign and Security Policy aims to build the EU as a counterweight to the United States, rather than as a stronger ally. What is This "Mystical Conception"Posted by Editors in on Friday, November 16. 2007 This is a guest blog post about the European Union written by Pamela, who monitors EU agricultural policy on behalf of U.S. agricultural interests and thereby became familiar with the political and philosophical underpinnings of the European Union. It would be great to have a debate about the issues raised by Pamela. What is This "mystical conception?" I'm not referring to a theological tenant. I'm recalling Harold Macmillan's swoon over the Schuman Plan, which has evolved into what we know today as the European Union. It would be churlish to expect Macmillian to have foreseen the hydra the object of his admiration has become. But surely contemporary Europeans are cognizant, yes? No? If 'yes', then I must ask why it has come to this. If 'no', then I must ask how it has come to this. Over the past two years or so, I have solicited the opinions of Europeans I've encountered. The negative opinions closely track my own. The positive views of the EU were more illuminating for me. They exposed premises in my own thinking about Europe and forced me to recalibrate my mental 'ear'. In the early days of the conversations I had, it would have been quite reasonable to tell me "I know you think you know what I said, but that's not what I said". The gulf between the cultural conceptions of 'nationalism' held by Europeans and Americans could hardly be wider. To Americans it simply means the primacy of a nation's self-interest. It is an amoral political construct. Yet when Europeans hear the word, they hear one loaded with a cacophony of voices crying 'aggression', 'destruction', 'racism'. Without exception, when the abolition of the nation-state is used as a justification for the European Union, it is the European concept of 'nationalism' that is the underlying premise. Still, from the perspective of this admittedly conservative American, the 'soft power' posture toward its global neighbors that supporters of the EU tout as one of its primary virtues is concomitant with a 'soft totalitarianism' toward its citizens.Continue reading "What is This "Mystical Conception"" European Foreign PolicyPosted by Editors in Transatlantic Relations on Tuesday, October 16. 2007 Great quote by British Historian Timothy Garton Ash at the end of an interview with Spiegel International: "Brussels spends more money on cleaners than it does on people thinking about European foreign policy." Asked whether the EU would strongly oppose a possible war against Iran, he responded: "It's safe to say that Europe would be nearly unanimous on that count." But that's not enough unity for Garton Ash, who is one of the founders of the new European Council on Foreign Relations, which should "do the European thinking" and suggest policies to enable Europe to "speak with a clearer and more united voice to the rest of the world." The American (!) banker and philanthropist George Soros was "dissatisfied with the course of American foreign policy" and made a generous donation. So... Is the European Council on Foreign Relations supposed to come up with alternatives to US policy or even suggest opposition to the US?Ambassador Crocker Sees Increased European Support for IraqPosted by Joerg Wolf in Transatlantic Relations on Monday, September 17. 2007 "The US ambassador to Baghdad has said that he has seen a greater recognition from some European countries that they have a stake in the outcome in Iraq," reports Yahoo News. Ryan Crocker referred to the recent visits to Baghdad by French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner and his Swedish counterpart Carl Bildt:
I think Ambassador Crocker is too optimistic regarding European help. A video clip with Crocker's statement is posted below the fold. There is some advertisement, but so far all ads were for a good cause.Continue reading "Ambassador Crocker Sees Increased European Support for Iraq"
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