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How Widespread is Anti-Americanism?Posted by Joerg Wolf in Transatlantic Relations on Wednesday, January 24. 2007
American political science professors take different approaches and assess the forms and strengths of Anti-Americanism(s) differently in two books (and in freely available essays adapted from the books). Professor Markovits sounds more alarmist than professors Keohane and Katzenstein.
US Fulbright Alumnus Andrei S. Markovits is a professor of comparative politics and German studies at the University of Michigan and writes about "Western Europe's America Problem:" Any trip to Europe confirms what surveys have been finding: The aversion to America is becoming greater, louder, more determined. It is unifying Western Europeans more than any other political emotion -- with the exception of a common hostility toward Israel. Indeed, the virulence in Western Europe's antipathy to Israel cannot be understood without the presence of anti-Americanism and hostility to the United States. Those two closely related resentments are now considered proper etiquette. They are present in polite company and acceptable in the discourse of the political classes. They constitute common fare not only among Western Europe's cultural and media elites, but also throughout society itself, from London to Athens and from Stockholm to Rome, even if European politicians visiting Washington or European professors at international conferences about anti-Americanism and anti-Semitism are adamant about denying or sugarcoating that reality.His full essay is available at The Chronicle of Higher Education (via: Transatlantic Forum) "Uncouth Nation: Why Europe Dislikes America" and is adapted from his new book More about this book, including some criticism in the Atlantic Review post Anti-Americanism and Anti-Semitism. The new book by professors Katzenstein and Keohane seems to be less alarmist than Markovits: The Atlantic Review already presented some quotes from an essay adapted from their new book: "Anti-Americanisms in World Politics"
In its book review, The Boston Globe (via: Dialog International) points out: Too often commentators who have written on anti-Americanism make do with anecdotal evidence: The burning of an American flag, or a chilly electoral climate for politicians who are seen as kowtowing to United States interests, are taken as signs that anti-Americanism is on the rise. By contrast, most contributors to the Katzenstein and Keohane volume rely on quantitative evidence from large-scale social surveys. Two especially noteworthy findings emerge. A new BBC Survey about world opinions concerning US foreign policy shows that "across all 25 countries polled, one citizen in two (49%) now says the US is playing a mainly negative role in the world." A negative opinion on US foreign policy does not necessarily indicate Anti-Americanism, because a) many Americans have negative opinions about their government's foreign policy as well and b) many people around the world still have a favorable view of the American people. (Katzenstein and Keohane make similar arguments.) Two in three Germans still have a favorable view of Americans, see the graphic on the left. It should, however, be pointed out that some participants in any such poll probably answer in a politically correct way. The graphic is from a survey about the US image by the respected PEW Research Center. The survey contains many more interesting statistics. Two tough questions: How widespread is Anti-Americanism? How big is the problem? What is more trustworthy: Personal anecdotes based on numerous trips to Europe or large-scale surveys? (I guess, both have their flaws. And yes, Markovits relies on surveys as well.) How could Americans and Europeans reduce Anti-Americanism in Europe? Many in the blogosphere seem to think that reciprocity would help, i.e. countering Anti-Americanism with Anti-Germanism and Eurobashing or whatever you want to call it. I think that is a good method to create some awareness, but in the long run it just increases the transatlantic divide rather than reducing Anti-Americanism. ENDNOTE: Germany Joys summarizes Markovits' essay, and the blog's readers make some interesting comments. Welcome! You are reading the ATLANTIC REVIEW -- a Press Digest on Transatlantic Relations combined with commentary and analysis by three young professionals from Germany, the Netherlands and the United States. More about us. The horizontal menu bar at the top helps to navigate this site. Subscribe to one of our RSS-Feeds or to our newsletter, which is emailed twice per month.
Don S
- #1 - 2007-01-23 14:37 - (Reply)
"How could Americans and Europeans reduce Anti-Americanism in Europe? Many in the blogosphere seem to think that reciprocity would help, i.e. countering Anti-Americanism with Anti-Germanism and Eurobashing or whatever you want to call it. I think that is a good method to create some awareness, but in the long run it just increases the transatlantic divide rather than reducing Anti-Americanism."
JW-Atlantic Review
- #1.1 - 2007-01-23 17:21 - (Reply)
Thanks, Don.
David
- #2 - 2007-01-23 20:15 - (Reply)
Markovits sees Anti-Americanism as the flip-side of anti-Semitism: hatred of America equates to hatred of the Jews This is the great flaw in his his thinking.
Pinkerton
- #2.1 - 2007-01-23 21:43 - (Reply)
David
Fuchur
- #3 - 2007-01-23 21:33 - (Reply)
Thanks for pointing out again the great essay by Katzenstein and Keohane (I had missed it over the holidays). We already had a bit of a discussion about Markovits here, and I still am rather unimpressed.
Yank
- #4 - 2007-01-23 23:44 - (Reply)
I wish you Europeans would apply the same standard to us that you apply to the poor little Islamofascist terrorists and jihadis. They can get as mad as they want about anything, however slight and however thermonuclear their reaction. But America mustn't peeved at the constant insults from Europe. We must take the eternal tongue lashing from Europe and never hit back, eh?
VinceTN
- #4.1 - 2007-01-24 05:58 - (Reply)
I feel much of the disrespect for America is the result of the Socialist religion. America can be scary or annoying to someone of a certain outlook but how does anyone hate a nation that has done as much for the world as America?
Zyme
- #5 - 2007-01-24 01:42 - (Reply)
@ Yank
Anonymous
- #5.1 - 2007-01-24 13:05 - (Reply)
"Countries like China or Russia are seen as partners for raw materials or business markets for our products."
Don S
- #5.2 - 2007-01-24 15:55 - (Reply)
"Maybe there is a deep antipathy against America today as it is the only remaining superpower in competition with Europe (which has become ambitious again)."
JW-Atlantic Review
- #5.2.1 - 2007-01-24 16:17 - (Reply)
"But Europe has become ambitious again."
JW-Atlantic Review
- #5.2.2 - 2007-01-24 16:33 - (Reply)
@ Don
Don S
- #5.2.2.1 - 2007-01-29 18:14 - (Reply)
"Ah, yeah, many American elites say that once Europe spends more on defense, then Europe gets to have an equal say in decision-making.
Pinkerton
- #6 - 2007-01-24 02:32 - (Reply)
Yank
Pat Patterson
- #7 - 2007-01-24 03:20 - (Reply)
Even I have to admit how much fun it is to bash or rather twit those who disagree. But most of these melees are started in the comments, and most of those are off-topic or tangential to mostly unread links. Do I think that conversation has become coarsened? No! I doubt that much has changed in the 230+ years that America has been a viable and independent nation. Americans don't really want to be loved throughout the world but they generally would lke to get on the subway or go to a pub when in Europe and not be insulted or harangued.
David
- #8 - 2007-01-24 03:34 - (Reply)
"I doubt that much has changed in the 230+ years that America has been a viable and independent nation."
Pat Patterson
- #9 - 2007-01-24 03:41 - (Reply)
I would think an awareness of the ebb and flow of hisory might put things in a better perpective. Is the US less poplular now than it was say after Belleau Wood in WWI or D-Day and saturation bombing during WWII? Drop in the bucket.
Yank
- #10 - 2007-01-24 14:25 - (Reply)
European anti-Americanism is older than the United States. The sentiment does seem to have been just as virulent before. And yes we did tune it out as nothing but constant background noise. Yet whether it actually was as bad or not doesn't matter. It can't be minimized or blown off as just more of the same old same old.
JW-Atlantic Review
- #10.1 - 2007-01-24 14:41 - (Reply)
Please be more specific!!!
Don S
- #11 - 2007-01-24 14:38 - (Reply)
"European anti-Americanism is older than the United States. The sentiment does seem to have been just as virulent before. And yes we did tune it out as nothing but constant background noise."
JW-Atlantic Review
- #11.1 - 2007-01-24 14:51 - (Reply)
"'Europe' ie France, Germany, Belgium, Spain) are being propogandised into believing that the US is their enemy."
Fuchur
- #11.1.1 - 2007-01-24 17:50 - (Reply)
At least itīs easy to come up with counter-examples. Iīd recommend e.g. any statement on America from Chancellor Merkel.
Fuchur
- #11.1.2.2 - 2007-01-24 21:20 - (Reply)
If you take a closer look at the "collected wrongdoings" of SPIEGEL at DMK, you'll have actually a very hard time finding anything that would qualify as protraying the US as "the enemy". I mean, just look at the 7 most prominently featured examples at the right: be honest - isnīt your first reaction something like "Thatīs it? These are the best examples for the vile anti-American Spiegel propaganda? Puh-leeeze...".
Fuchur
- #11.2 - 2007-01-24 17:34 - (Reply)
'Europe' ie France, Germany, Belgium, Spain
Pinkerton
- #11.2.1 - 2007-01-24 18:02 - (Reply)
Fuchur
Don S
- #11.2.2 - 2007-01-29 18:03 - (Reply)
No, in truth is's like writing 'The US (ie New York, California, Texas, and Rhode Island). Except for minor differences in language, culture, and geograpical proximity.
Pinkerton
- #12 - 2007-01-24 15:25 - (Reply)
Yank
Don S
- #12.1 - 2007-01-24 18:52 - (Reply)
":-D How could Europe have hated America before it existed? "
Pinkerton
- #12.1.1 - 2007-01-24 19:45 - (Reply)
Don
Don S
- #12.1.1.1 - 2007-01-25 12:49 - (Reply)
Some of the thkngs out of Europe during that era were astonishing. A French philosopher propounded a theory of American degeneracy without ever having set foot ib America. I doubt he made any distinction between Canada, the 13 colonies, Louisiana, or Mexico however.
Pinkerton
- #12.1.1.1.1 - 2007-01-25 18:00 - (Reply)
Don
Don S
- #12.1.1.1.1.1 - 2007-01-25 19:18 - (Reply)
Pinkerton, Yank expressed the wish that some people would voluntarily emigrate. Not quite the same as deportation. In fact not at all the same.
Pinkerton
- #13 - 2007-01-24 15:36 - (Reply)
Ok, yank...
Don S
- #14 - 2007-01-25 13:10 - (Reply)
"Again, you are part of the American (a very low shrinking part, thank goodness) that wants to ship everyone out of the US that don't agree with you. Is this the America you want, Yank?"
ADMIN
- #15 - 2007-01-25 17:33 - (Reply)
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