Posted by Editors in
European Issues, Transatlantic Relations, US Domestic and Cultural Issues on Friday, September 19. 2008
This is a guest post from Andrew Zvirzdin. Originally from upstate New York, Andrew is currently pursuing a Master's degree from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Bologna, Italy. He previously studied at Université Libre Bruxelles, University of Rome Tor Vergata, and Brigham Young University. He has worked on the Foreign Affairs Committee of the European Parliament and as an Assistant Editor for Scandinavian Studies. Andrew specializes in political economy, international finance, and EU–US relations.
Freedom Fries are out of style, but Europe is still taking a beating this campaign season. Republicans are gleefully using Barack Obama's recent visit to Europe as evidence that he wishes to import European-style welfare states back to the United States “to grab even more of our liberty and destroy our hard-earned livelihood,” as Mike Huckabee recently put it.
Just how evil are European welfare states compared to the United States?
OECD data indicates that the differences may not be as large as we may think. Consider two key indicators:
Publicly Mandated Social Expenditure (as % of GDP, 2003)
France 29.8
Germany 29.5
Sweden 29.2
Belgium 26
Italy 25.3
Austria 23.9
Denmark 23.8
Norway 23.8
Iceland 23.2
Portugal 23.2
UK 22.8
Finland 22.7
Czech Republic 21.5
Netherlands 20.6
Spain 19.6
Canada 19.5
United States 18.9
Slovak Republic 17.8
Ireland 15.6
Fiscal support for families (as % of GDP, 2003)
*Includes cash, services, and tax breaks for families*
Denmark 4
France 3.8
Norway 3.6
Sweden 3.5
United Kingdom 3.4
Iceland 3.2
Austria 3.1
Finland 3.0
Germany 3.0
Ireland 2.6
Slovak Republic 2.4
Czech Republic 2.4
Belgium 2.4
Netherlands 2.1
Portugal 1.7
United States 1.4
So where does the “destruction of hard-earned livelihood” begin? Does it begin when a country spends 20% of its GDP on social welfare programs? The 25% level? Does fiscal support for families at the 2% level demonstrate the evils of social welfare? When Americans speak of Europe's evil social welfare system, do they mean the German state corporatist model, the British targeted model, or the Swedish encompassing model? Yes, the United States spends less than Europe on social welfare. But the variation of social welfare spending within Europe is actually greater than the variation between the United States and Europe.
I suspect that many Americans imagine the traditional Scandinavian model of social welfare when they think of Europe. Scandinavia comprises only 5% of Europe's population, however, and a Lithuanian or Spaniard would laugh if you told him that his government had an excessive social welfare system.
Europe is a convenient punching bag for those in America who wish to point out the inefficiencies of large government. But the simple fact is that the United States has a large government too and probably has less to show for it, in terms of relative poverty reductions and social equity. Americans would do well to seriously consider the variations in social welfare systems in Europe and see what policies could work in the United States.
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